Glossary
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C
- calcareous - calcified, hardened with lime (calcium carbonate), e.g. in the Corallinales
- callus - abnormal, thickened part often a reaction of wounding
- capitate - shaped like a head, swollen at one or both ends
- carpogonium - haploid (N) female sexual structure in Rhodophyta consisting of single cell and its extension, the trichogyne
- carposporangia - single celled structures that produce the diploid (2N) carpospores on the parasitic carposporophyte in Rhodophyta
- carpospore - non-motile diploid (2N) spores formed on parasitic carposporophyte stage of the Rhodophyta, which germinate to form tetrasporophyte stage
- carposporophyte - the diploid (2N) stage of Rhodophyta which develops after fertilization of the carpogonium
- cartilaginous - fleshy, but firm or even tough and leathery
- centrifugal - developing from the center outward
- centripetal - developing inward toward the center
- chloroplast - double-membrane bound organelle inside the cell with photosynthetic pigments on thylakoids
- clone - a population asexually derived from a single cell or individual
- coenocytic - multinucleate, without cell crosswalls, composed of multinucleate cells or segments
- colony - aggregation or loose organization of similar cells (or organisms) which developed from a single original cell or organism, each capable of independence from the rest of the colony
- commensal - organisms living in, on or with another, without any particular advantage or harm from the relationship
- compensation point - conditions where respiration is in balance with photosynthesis, with generally no net gas exchange, in algae usually related to habitat depth
- compound - having multiple parts or branches, not simple
- compressed - flattened
- concave - saucer-shaped, with surface that curves inward
- conceptacle - cavity or chamber containing reproductive structures with opening to the surface for release, e.g. in Corallinales and Fucales
- conjugation - special form of isogamy where the reproductive protoplasts of two organisms form a common tube and fuse together, e.g. in Zygnemataceae
- convex - having surface that curves outward
- cortex - tissue lying between the epidermis layer and the central medulla tissue
- cortical - relating to the cortex
- cosmopolitan - found in many parts of the world
- costate - ribbed
- cover cells - sterile cells cut off from during the formation of tetrasporangia in Rhodophyta
- crosswall - end wall of a cell in a filament
- cruciate - generally cross-shaped; in the Rhodophyta, the type of division where tetrasporangium divides in two planes at right angles to each other
- cryptostoma - cavity open to surface that contains hairs or pariphyses, e.g. in Fucales
- cuneate - wedge shaped, triangular with acute angle downward
- cuticle - structureless layer on outer surface of some plants
- cystocarp - the carposporophyte and surrounding envelop of haploid (1N) female gametophyte tissue (or pericarp) in the Rhodophyta
- cystocarpic - bearing cystocarps, signaling a fertilized female gametophyte in the Rhodophyta
- cytokinesis - process of cell division, as opposed to nuclear division
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