Pillows surrounded by black glass sand formed by the collapse of lava bubbles
and by the shattering of lava during mild strombolian (gas-rich, explosive) eruptions.
 Puna Ridge, 2,165 meters.
© 2001 MBARI

Eggshell pillow. The lava inside this
 pillow drained away while the pillow
margin was still plastic. Drained pillows
are common near submarine vents.
 Puna Ridge, 2,107 meters.
© 2001 MBARI

Ancient coral reef partially dissolved
 when sea level fell faster than 
the island subsided. West Kohala
 Volcano, 421 meters.
© 2001 MBARI

Sheet flows on ponds are commonly folded, demonstrating the rapid emplacement of these fluid flows.
Niihau, 1,661 meters.
© 2001 MBARI

Cross-bedded layers of ash offshore from Hanauma Bay. A white encrusting sponge is growing at the top. Oahu, 513 meters.
© 2001 MBARI

Layers of ash that are evidence of an explosive eruption, contradicting conventional wisdom that explosions should not happen deep underwater.
 Kauai, 1,581 meters.
© 2001 MBARI

High-resolution bathymetric map
 of the seafloor surrounding the
 Hawaiian Islands, with colored dots representing ROV Tiburon dive
 locations during the expedition.
© 2001 MBARI

The seafloor of Niihau has many 
flat-topped cones that formed 
as submarine lava ponds.
© 2001 MBARI