mbsegypsd
Section:  MB-System 5.0  (1)
Updated:  24 December 2009 
Index


 
NAME

mbsegypsd - Calculates the power spectral densisty function (PSD) of each trace in a 
segy file, outputting the PSD estimates as a GMT grid file with trace number along
the x axis and frequency along the y axis.

 
VERSION

Version 5.0

 
SYNOPSIS

mbsegypsd -Ifile -Oroot 
[-Ashotscale -Ddecimatex -R
-Smode[/start/end[/schan/echan]] -Tsweep[/delay]
-Wmode/start/end -H -V]";

 
DESCRIPTION

mbsegypsd calculates the power spectral densisty function (PSD) of each 
trace in a segy file, outputting the PSD estimates as a grid with 
trace number along the x axis and frequency along the y axis.
The output files are GMT netCDF format grid files. 

The x-dimension of the grid is determined by the number of traces specified
by the -S option and any decimation specified with option -D. 
If the -S option is not specified, then all of the traces in the segy file
will be processed. If the time sweep and delay (if any) are not specified using
the -T option, then the sweep and delay will be set so that all trace samples
are incorporated into the grid.

The y-dimension of the grid is determined by the sample interval in the time series
data. The frequency range runs from zero Hz to a maximum frequency given
in Hz by 1/(2*sampleinterval), where the sampleinterval is in seconds. So,
for instance, hydrophone data sampled at 26 kHz (26000 samples/second) will
have a sample interval of (1/26000 = 0.00003846 seconds). In this case, the
PSD will be calculated for frequencies ranging from 0 Hz to 13000 Hz (13 kHz).

For each trace, the PSD will be calculated by ensemble averaging, which means that
the trace will be broken up into a number of segments of length nfft (specified 
with the -N option, default = 1024), a fast-Fourier-transform (FFT) will be
calculated for each segment, and the PSD estimate will be the average of
the FFT magnitudes over all segments. Before the FFT is calculated, each segment
is multiplied by a Hanning (cosine) taper; the PSD estimates are normalized to
account for the loss of signal due to the taper application.

The output grid can be either in linear units (Intensity/Hz) or in log-scaled dB/Hz
calculated as 20 * log10 (raw-PSD-value). The default is the former, and the
-L option causes output in the dB/Hz form.

A shellscript invoking GMT programs to plot the PSD grid is automatically
generated.

 
AUTHORSHIP

David W. Caress (caress@mbari.org)




  Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute



Dale N. Chayes (dale@ldeo.columbia.edu)




  Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

 
OPTIONS


-A


shotscale



This option causes the x-axis to be rescaled from shot number to distance in meters.
The shotscale value represents the shot spacing in meters.
-D


decimatex



Sets the decimation of traces (decimatex) used in generating the output grid. 
-H


This "help" flag cause the program to print out a description
of its operation and then exit immediately.
-I


segyfile



Sets the filename of the input segy seismic data file to be gridded.
-L





Sets the PSD grid output to be in dB/Hz.
-O


root



Sets the filename root for the output GMT netCDF format grid.
-S


mode[/start/end[/schan/echan]]



This option sets the range of traces that are gridded, and thus determines
the x-dimension of the output grid (also impacted by any decimation
specified with -D). If mode = 0, then start and end 
refer to shot numbers. This typically is useful for subbottom data or seismic
data in shot gather form. If mode = 1, then start and end 
refer to CMP (or RP or CDP) numbers. This typically is useful for seismic
reflection data in stacked or CMP gather forms. If the data are multichannel 
seismic reflection or seismic refraction in either shot or CMP gathers, the
start and end of the channels selected for gridding is set using the optional schan
and echan, respectively. The x-dimension of the output grid is determined by
(end - start + 1) * (echan - schan + 1) / decimatex.
-T


sweep[/delay]



The sweep value sets the time range of seismic data to be processed in seconds. 
The optional delay value sets the sweep start time, again in seconds.
-V


Normally, mbsegypsd prints out information regarding its
controlling parameters during execution; the 
-V option causes the program to also print out statements
indicating its progress.
-W


mode/start/end



This option can be used to limit the data being processed to a particular time
window in various ways. This option does not impact the definition of the overall
grid bounds, but does restrict the data processed to samples within particular times
of interest. If mode = 1, then start and end are simply start and end 
times of good data in seconds. If mode = 2, then start and end are relative to
the time of the bottom return. In this case start is often negative so that the
grid shows data above the seafloor, and then down into the subsurface. Finally, if mode = 3, 
then start and end are relative to the time corresponding to the sonar
depth.


 
EXAMPLES

Suppose that one has a segy file of hydrophone data sampled at a
37 microsecond interval, corresponding to a 27027 Hz sampling rate.
Each of 1610 traces consists of 64865 samples. In order to create a
sonogram displaying the power spectral density as a function of
time, execute mbsegypsd as follows:




        mbsegypsd -I 20090922_1833_V3422_S7_CH025ms.segy -N1024 -L -O testpsd -V




Here the -N option sets the FFT dimension used to be 1024 samples, which
means that the PSD estimate for each trace is the average of 64865 / 1024 = 63
calculations. The shell output of the program is:




        Program mbsegypsd


        Version $Id: mbsegypsd.1 1938 2012-02-22 20:58:08Z caress $


        MB-system Version 5.1.2beta12


        


        MBsegypsd Parameters:


        Input segy file:         20090922_1833_V3422_S7_CH025ms.segy


        Output fileroot:         testpsd


        Input Parameters:


             trace mode:         0


             trace start:        0


             trace end:          1609


             channel start:      1


             channel end:        1


             trace decimation:   1


             time sweep:         2.399968 seconds


             time delay:         0.000000 seconds


             sample interval:    0.000037 seconds


             window mode:        0


             window start:       0.000000 seconds


             window end:         0.000000 seconds


        Output Parameters:


             grid filename:      testpsd.grd


             psd filename:       testpsd_psd.txt


             x grid dimension:   1610


             y grid dimension:   513


             grid xmin:          -0.500000


             grid xmax:          1609.500000


             grid ymin:          -13.171066


             grid ymax:          13500.342448


             NaN values used to flag regions with no data


             shotscale:          1.000000


             frequencyscale:     1.000000


        


        PROCESS read:0 position:0 shot:0 channel:1 2009/265 18:32:59.000 samples:64864 interval:37 usec minmax: -102498.789062 -187.008667


        PROCESS read:25 position:25 shot:25 channel:1 2009/265 18:34:14.000 samples:64864 interval:37 usec minmax: -201902.890625 9166.462891


        PROCESS read:50 position:50 shot:50 channel:1 2009/265 18:35:29.000 samples:64864 interval:37 usec minmax: -203695.765625 28316.906250


        PROCESS read:75 position:75 shot:75 channel:1 2009/265 18:36:44.000 samples:64864 interval:37 usec minmax: -201434.375000 24819.115234


        PROCESS read:100 position:100 shot:100 channel:1 2009/265 18:37:59.000 samples:64864 interval:37 usec minmax: -16544.123047 37.462040


        ............................


        PROCESS read:1500 position:1500 shot:1500 channel:1 2009/265 19:47:59.000 samples:64864 interval:37 usec minmax: -8367.179688 -876.420044


        PROCESS read:1525 position:1525 shot:1525 channel:1 2009/265 19:49:14.000 samples:64864 interval:37 usec minmax: -9163.580078 201.037201


        PROCESS read:1550 position:1550 shot:1550 channel:1 2009/265 19:50:29.000 samples:64864 interval:37 usec minmax: -12128.291016 -993.766357


        PROCESS read:1575 position:1575 shot:1575 channel:1 2009/265 19:51:44.000 samples:64864 interval:37 usec minmax: -67764.585938 2457.883789


        PROCESS read:1600 position:1600 shot:1600 channel:1 2009/265 19:52:59.000 samples:64864 interval:37 usec minmax: -190216.031250 -14304.720703


 .br

 .br
The output PSD grid file is named testpsd.grd. A shellscript named 
testpsd.grd.cmd is also created that, when executed, will generate a plot of the
sonogram. MBsegypsd also outputs an ascii file containing the average PSD for the
entire segy file in the form of frequency PSD pairs. In this case, the average PSD file
is named testpsd_psd.txt, and has contents like:




        0.000000 193.762464


        26.342132 99.114274


        52.684263 93.781880


        79.026395 86.775795


        105.368526 80.297280


        131.710658 74.908340


        158.052790 71.366137


        184.394921 70.319082


        210.737053 69.840534


        237.079184 70.794517


        263.421316 72.002905


        289.763448 71.979001


        316.105579 70.637717


        342.447711 69.652364


        ..............


        13329.118592 -13.659568


        13355.460724 -13.722928


        13381.802855 -12.981740


        13408.144987 -12.626286


        13434.487119 -12.533222


        13460.829250 -13.659002


        13487.171382 -24.474310




A shellscript named testpsd_psd.txt.cmd is created that will, when executed, generate
a plot of the average PSD.

 
SEE ALSO

mbsystem(l), mbm_grdplot(l), mbmosaic(l), mbm_grid(l)

 
BUGS

Probably...
The plots could be better...





 
Index

NAME

VERSION

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

AUTHORSHIP

OPTIONS

EXAMPLES

SEE ALSO

BUGS

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